Bhartiya Sanvidhan Ki Visheshtaen: Understanding India's Constitution

Bhartiya Sanvidhan, also known as the Constitution of India, is the supreme law of India. It establishes the framework for the government, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, and the directive principles of state policy. It was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into effect on 26 January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act, 1935. Bharat ki Sanvidhan is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules and 118 amendments. In this article, we will look at the salient features of the Constitution of India.

Preamble

The preamble of the Indian Constitution explains the aims and objectives of the Constitution. It describes India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and guarantees justice, liberty, equality and fraternity to all its citizens. It also states that the Constitution is based on the ideals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity enshrined in the Constitution.

Partition of India

The Constitution of India was adopted in the wake of the partition of India in 1947. The partition led to the formation of two independent countries, India and Pakistan. The Constitution of India was adopted to provide a framework for a unified federal government and to ensure the protection of the rights of all citizens. The Constitution of India also defines the relationship between the Centre and the States and the exercise of executive, legislative and judicial powers of the government.

Fundamental Rights

The Constitution of India guarantees certain fundamental rights to all citizens of the country. These include the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to life and liberty, right to property, and the right to constitutional remedies. The Constitution also provides for certain special rights for certain groups, such as the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

Directive Principles of State Policy

The Constitution of India also lays down certain directive principles of state policy. These include the promotion of international peace and security, promotion of scientific temper, equal pay for equal work, protection of the environment, protection of the weaker sections of the society, and the promotion of education.

Fundamental Duties

The Constitution of India also lays down certain fundamental duties of citizens. These include the duty to protect and improve the natural environment, to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, to promote the spirit of unity and brotherhood, and to safeguard public property and to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

Judiciary

The Constitution of India also establishes the judiciary as an independent and impartial body. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in the country and has the power to interpret the Constitution. The High Courts are the next highest courts in the hierarchy and the District Courts are the courts of the lowest level.

Conclusion

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land and establishes the framework for the government, fundamental rights and duties of citizens, and the directive principles of state policy. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world and provides for a unified federal government, the protection of fundamental rights and duties of citizens, and the exercise of executive, legislative and judicial powers of the government. It also establishes the judiciary as an independent and impartial body. The Constitution of India is a document that ensures the rule of law and justice in the country.