The periodic table is an arrangement of chemical elements in order of atomic number. It categorizes elements based on the number of protons present in their atomic nucleus. Elements in the periodic table are divided into different blocks: s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block. The d-block and f-block elements are also known as transition elements as they are found between s-block and p-block elements. In this article, we will focus on d and f block elements class 12 notes.
What are D and F Block Elements?
D and f block elements are those elements found in the d-block and f-block of the periodic table. D-block elements are also known as transition metals because they have partially filled d-orbitals in their outermost shells. These elements are located in the middle of the periodic table and are generally harder and denser than the s-block and p-block elements. The f-block elements, also known as inner transition metals, are those elements located at the bottom of the periodic table. These elements have partly filled f-orbitals in their outermost shells.
Characteristics of D and F Block Elements
D and f block elements share some common characteristics. They are usually hard and dense, have high melting and boiling points, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They also have high electronegativity values, which means they have a strong tendency to attract electrons. The d-block elements can form multiple oxidation states due to their partially filled d-orbitals, while the f-block elements are usually found in their +2 or +3 oxidation states. Additionally, d and f block elements are usually found as cations in compounds, rather than as anions.
Uses of D and F Block Elements
D and f block elements have a wide range of applications. The transition metals are used in many industries, such as the production of steel and alloys, electroplating, and catalysts. They are also used in the manufacture of jewelry and coins, as well as in the production of pigments and paints. The inner transition metals have many uses, including the production of superconductors, nuclear fuel and other radioactive materials, and in the manufacture of fluorescent lights.
Examples of D and F Block Elements
The common d-block elements include copper, silver, gold, iron, lead, nickel, cobalt, and zinc. Some of the common f-block elements are thorium, uranium, and plutonium.
D and F Block Elements Class 12 Notes
D and f block elements class 12 notes cover the basics of these elements, such as their characteristics, uses, and examples. They also discuss the structure and bonding in these elements, as well as their reactions and properties. Additionally, the notes discuss the properties of the compounds formed by these elements, such as coordination compounds, organometallic compounds, and intermetallic compounds.
Conclusion
D and f block elements are important elements in the periodic table. They have a wide range of uses and applications in industries, such as the production of steel and alloys, electroplating, and catalysts. Additionally, they are used in the manufacture of jewelry, coins, and fluorescent lights. D and f block elements class 12 notes provide a comprehensive overview of these elements, including their characteristics, uses, and examples.
